Shivaji, the second son of Shahji and Jija Bai, took control
of the hereditary jagir after the death of his guardian Konadev in 1647.He was born in the hill fort of Shivner
near Junnar in 1627.
Shivaji
began his military career at a young age. He captured the fort of Torna
in 1656. From 1656, he started capturing many other forts from the local
officers of Bijapur.
§
After some time Shivaji raided the Bijapur. Ali
Adil Shah of Bijapur sent his General Afzal Khan to capture Shivaji. But
Shivaji was too clever for him and killed him with a deadly weapon called Baghanakhi or Tiger’s claw.
§
Shivaji now began to attack the Mughal
territories. Aurangzeb sent Shaista Khan, the Viceroy of the Deccan, with a big
army against Shivaji Shaiste Khan captured Poona. But Shivaji managed to
outwith the Mughals in 1663.
§
Aurangzeb sent his own son, Prince Muazzam ane
then, on his failure, Mirza Raja Jai Singh of Amber was sent against Shivaji.
Raja Jai Singh won a few victories against Shivaji and besieged him in
Purandhar in 1665.
§
Shivaji visited the Mughal court of Agra at the
persuasion of Jai Singh but he was put there in detention . However, Shivaji
escaped in 1666and resumed his career of conquests.
§
In 1674, Shivaji made Raigarh as his capital and
celebrated his coronation and assumed the title of Chhatrapati.
v
He died in 1680 at the age of fifty-three.
v
Shivaji’s son Sambhaji ascended the throne in
the face of a hostile faction which supported his step-brother Rajaram.
v
His raiding the amughal territories and giving
shelter to Amber the rebel son of Aurangzeb, prompted the latter to capture
and execute Sambhaji in 1689.
v
Rajaram was crowned the king but when he died,
his widow Tara Bai ascended the thronw.
v
Sambhaji’s son Shahu after his releases from
the Mughals in 1707, had to contend with his aunt Tara Bai for the Maratha
throne.
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SHIVAJI’S ADMINISTRATION
·
Provinces were divided into prants which were
further subdivided into parganas or tarafs.
·
Shivaji administration was helped by
ashapradhan(eitht minister) which was unlike a collective minister.
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3
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5
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Peshwa/Mukhya Pradhan
Majumdar(Amatya)
Waqenavis(Mantri)
Dabir (Sumant)
Surnavis(Sachiv)
Pandit Rao(Sardar)
Sai-i-Naaubat(Senapati)
Nayayadhish(Pandit Rao)
|
Prime Minister, General Administeration both Civil and Military
Revenue and Finance
Minister
Home Minister
Foreign Minister
Head of Royal
correspondence
Head of Religious Affair
Chief o Armed Forces
Justice, Religious
Affairs and Charities
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THE PESHWAS
·
The period of Peshwa domination in Maratha
history started during Shahu’s regin with the appointment of Balaji Vishwanath
as the Peshwa of king Shahu in 1713.
·
Balaji
Vishwanath was an able administrator as well as an excellent
diplomat. Balaji Vishwanath was the first Peshwa.He was followed by
·
Baji Rao I (son
of Balaji Vishwanath)was the Peshwa from 1720 to 1740 . During this period the
Maratha kingdom was transformed into an empire.
·
Balaji Baji
Rao(1740 -60) he succeeded Baji Rao
I , was formally made the head to the state after the death of king
Shahu in 1749.
·
In Balaji Baji Rao reign, the Maratha empire
further expanded and Maratha army overran the whole of Delhi. The Marathas came
into conflict with Ahmed shah Abdali of Afhanistan.
·
The result was the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.
·
The Maratha army was completely routed and the
Peshwa’s son, Vishwas Rao and sadashiva Rao Bahu were killed.
·
The Peshwa ruled from Poona but foru
semi-independent Maratha states emerged. These states were Baroda ruled by
Gaiwad; Nagpur ruled by Bhonsle ; Indore ruled by Holkar and Gwalior ruled by
Scindhia.
·
Last Peshwa was Baji Rao II (1795 -1818) He signed Treaty of Bassein 1802,
under it he signed subsidiary alliance with Brithsh and thus Maratha kingdom
called.
INDEPENDENT
STATES
·
Bengal
·
FOUNDER :
MURSHID QULI KHAN IN 1713
·
BATTLE OF
PLASSEY 1757 : took place during
the reign of Siraj-ud –Daula. Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daula.
·
Siraj-ud-Daula was followed by Meer Jafar as he
helped britishers in Battle of Plassey in defeating Siraj-ud-Dauls.
·
He was followed by Mir Qasim . In his reign
Battle of Buxar 1764 took place. Last ruler of Bengal-Najm-ud-Daula.
AWADH
·
FOUNDER :
Saadat Khan,
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